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[edit] Vehicular or intoxication manslaughter

[edit] United States law

Vehicular manslaughter is a class C felony which holds people liable for any death which occurs because of criminal negligence, or a violation of traffic safety laws. A common use of the vehicular manslaughter laws involves prosecution for a death caused by driving under the influence of intoxicating substances (determined by excessive blood alcohol content levels set by individual U.S. states), although an independent infraction (such as driving with a suspended driver's license), or negligence, is usually also required.[22][23]

In Wisconsin, a person who causes death with any type of motor vehicle while legally intoxicated may be liable and charged with homicide by intoxicated use of a motor vehicle. Culpability lies with the perpetrator. In 2003 the maximum prison term for conviction on that charge was reduced from 40 years to 15 years imprisonment. The length of sentence is now equivalent to a charge and conviction in Wisconsin of second-degree reckless homicide.[24] In Wisconsin, as in most states, vehicular homicide occurs when the act is not perpetrated during a felony, because driving while under the influence is not a felony.

In some U.S. states, such as Texas, intoxication manslaughter is a distinctly defined offence. A person commits intoxication manslaughter if he, or she, operates a motor vehicle in a public place, operates an aircraft, a watercraft, or an amusement ride, or assembles a mobile amusement ride while intoxicated and, by reason of that intoxication, causes the death of another by accident or mistake.[25]

Intoxication manslaughter, vehicular manslaughter and other similar offences require a lesser mens rea than other manslaughter offences. Furthermore, the fact that the defendant is entitled to use the alcohol, controlled substance, drug, dangerous drug, or other substance, is no defence.[26] For example, in Texas, to prove intoxication manslaughter, it is not necessary to prove the person was negligent in causing the death of another, nor that they unlawfully used the substance that intoxicated them, but only that they were intoxicated, and operated a motor vehicle, and someone died as a result. The same rule of law applies in New York for vehicular manslaughter in the second degree.[27]

[edit] Assisted suicide

In some U.S. states, assisted suicide is punishable as a second degree of manslaughter.[28]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Ehrenberg, Victor. From Solon to Socrates. London & New York: Routledge, 2010. p. 46.
  2. ^ See, e.g., "FL statute 782.07". FL Senate. Laws/Statutes/2011/782.07. 
  3. ^ See, e.g., Manslaughter in the first degree, N.Y. State Penal Law section 125.20, found at N.Y. State Legislative web site (search for Penal Law § 125.20).
  4. ^ Lord Parker CJ in R v Byrne [1960] 2 QB 396
  5. ^ R v Lloyd [1967] 1 Q.B. 175 at 177
  6. ^ R v Davies [1975] QB 691
  7. ^ R v Pearson [1992] Crim LR 193
  8. ^ Edwards v R [1973] AC 648
  9. ^ R v Duffy [1946] 1 All ER 932n
  10. ^ A-G for Jersey v Holley [2005] UKPC 23, as affirmed in R v James and Karimi [2006] EWCA Crim 14
  11. ^ R v Lesbini [1914] 3 KB 1116
  12. ^ R v Newell (1980) 71 Cr App R 331
  13. ^ [1977] AC 500
  14. ^ R v Franklin (1883) 15 Cox CC 163
  15. ^ Andrews v DPP [1937] AC 576, R v Lowe [1973] QB 702
  16. ^ R v Church [1966] 1 QB 59, R v Dawson (1985) 81 Cr App R 150
  17. ^ DPP v Newbury [1977] AC 500
  18. ^ AG’s Reference (No. 3 of 1994) [1997] 3 WLR 421
  19. ^ 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2702
  20. ^ R v Bateman (1925) 19 Cr App R 8
  21. ^ R v Singh (Gurphal) [1999] Crim LR 582
  22. ^ See, e.g., Vehicular Manslaughter in the first degree, N.Y. State Penal Law section 125.13 found at N.Y. State Legislative web site (search for Penal Law § 125.13).
  23. ^ Cf. Vehicular Manslaughter, Cal. Pen. Code § 192(c)(1) & (2) found at (search for 192.).
  24. ^ Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau.
  25. ^ Tex. Penal Code § 49.08.
  26. ^ TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 49.10; see also Nelson v. State, 149 S.W.3d 206, 211 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 2004, no pet.).
  27. ^ See, Vehicular Manslaughter in the second degree, N.Y. State Penal Law section 125.12 found at N.Y. State Legislative web site (search for Penal Law § 125.12).
  28. ^ See, e.g., Manslaughter in the second degree, N.Y. State Penal Law section 125.15 found at hSurtei Depravedteen Lingerie Sk 1 Depraved Manslaughter - pedia, the free encyclopedial Depraved iSurtei Depravedteen Lingerie Sk 1 Depraved Manslaughter - pedia, the free encyclopediat d d Sexuality Depraved Webcam